Essay on My Philosophy of Education - 1242 Words

My Philosophy of Education Do you know your ABC’s, 123s, or how to read? If so, give thanks to the teachers you have had and Horace Mann for establishing what we now know as elementary schools, where the preceding is learned. Without my teachers, this paper would not be possible and it is a known fact that good teachers are few and far between. I hope to be an exceptional teacher that will not only influence the lives of my students but also be one that is willing to learn from my students. Times have changed and so has education. Some teachers just do the requirements set forth to them half-heartedly now and only teach because they have to pay their bills, perhaps they do not want to go back to school to learn a new trade. I,†¦show more content†¦I want to not only bestow knowledge upon them that they need, but I will also try to motivate them in setting their own goals and values and hopefully help them develop a positive self-image. In order to achieve the preceding, I know that I mus t be positive role model myself. Showing my student’s everyday that they are important and can learn anything that they set their mind to will be one of my main priorities. I will demonstrate my own goals and values and educate myself to be of assistance to them in anyway possible. In order to help my future students, I am going to virtually do everything in my power to enhance their education. I will of course finish my education degree at Concord College then hopefully attend graduate school to further my knowledge. I do not know where my career is going to take me; I just hope that I will have the opportunity to continue my education and become a well-rounded individual. This world is ever changing, and lagging behind on current information is not an option for me because I believe students would benefit from being up to date on certain events. My ultimate goal in life, of course is to be happy. In order to achieve this happiness I will continue to surround myself with the ones I love and attain the career I am striving for. I think I would be happy if I lived close to West Virginia but living in a nearby state would be acceptable too. My dream job, which I can tell thus far in my experiences, would be a mediumShow MoreRelatedMy Philosophy On The Philosophy Of Education844 Words   |  4 PagesIn mathematics, as in life, everything must be brought to the simplest of terms. I base my teaching philosophy on the foundation that every student is capable of learning mathematics. I will strive, as a teacher, to ensure that my students are able to have a strong foundation of mathematical skills when they leave my classroom. Some students believe that they are not mathematically gifted; therefore, incapable of learning mathematics. I believe to the contrary, all students with motivation, sustainedRead MoreMy Philosophy On Philo sophy Of Education852 Words   |  4 PagesMy Philosophy of Education My philosophy of education is founded on a belief that all students have a desire to learn and to feel accepted. Learning takes place when students are able to have their specific needs meet inside the classroom, to feel accepted in the environment, and find the learning to be meaningful. I believe that before learning can take place a proper educational environment must be present inside the classroom. In order to make any classroom work I believe you need meet three criteriaRead MoreMy Philosophy Of Education As A Education864 Words   |  4 Pagesdifferent philosophy of education, and what purpose education serves in a child’s life. The five philosophies of education that we recognize are: Essentialism, Perennialism, Progressivism, Social Reconstructionism, and Existentialism. I would most recognize my philosophy of education as Essentialism. Essentialism has been a dominant influence in American education since World War II. It focuses on core curriculum of traditional academic topics. I believe that the purpose of education is teachingRead MoreMy Philosophy of Education824 Words   |  4 Pages13 February 2011 My Philosophy of Education I believe that progressivism educational philosophy most closely matches my educational ideals. In my opinion based on the progressivism educational philosophy, the purpose of education is to enable students to learn useful knowledge that has meaning to them in the future. Thus, the most useful education for students is the skill of â€Å"learning how to learn†. When students understand the methodsRead MoreMy Philosophy Of Education And Education1038 Words   |  5 PagesMy Philosophy of Education When trying coming up with a personal philosophy of education, I had to ask myself what the purpose of education is. To me, the purpose of education is to teach students knowledge that is needed to make it through school and to succeed in the world after graduation. Anyone can go into teaching, but not every teacher can teach. Teachers go above and beyond to introduce methods, philosophies, and strategies to help their students learn, as well as, retain the informationRead MoreMy Education Philosophy 1511 Words   |  6 PagesPersonal Mission Statement Education is the imparting and acquiring of knowledge and skills through teaching and learning. As an educator, my personal mission statement is to master my subject area in order to serve as a role model for my students thereby producing students who thoroughly understand the subject matter, and who develop holistically. In order to achieve this goal I must have a set education philosophy with a strong Christian worldview. I must also have a general understanding of theRead MoreMy Philosophy Of Education1056 Words   |  5 PagesPhilosophy of Student Engagement My philosophy of education is that every child should receive high quality education that is inclusive, relevant and meaningful to their life. I am a firm believer of making pedagogy relatable to my students. My vision is driven by my personal experiences with the American school system. I was what is thought of as â€Å"A child at risk†. I am an immigrant, black, Muslim student. My life is transactional as I am a part of multiple marginalized groups. Most of my teachersRead MoreMy Philosophy Of Education And Education864 Words   |  4 PagesPhilosophy of Education Children are the future and their education is the key to our society’s success. When considering this, I realize I have an immense responsibility as an educator. The main focuses of my teaching are active learning, building character within students, and providing meaningful curriculum. I want to create a comfortable setting where every student feels safe to learn. In many ways, my philosophy agrees with the holistic approach to education. I feel this challenges the studentRead MoreMy Philosophy on Education814 Words   |  3 PagesMy Philosophy of Education I think when I made the decision to become a teacher I was not thinking the seriousness of this decision. When we become teachers we also become the molder that will shape our student to be successful in life. But when you decide to become a teacher in a Christian school you are not only shaping this student to be successful in life but we are also shaping their Christian mind to do things with a feeling knowing that they are shape and where made by the image of GodRead MoreMy Philosophy Of Education1015 Words   |  5 Pagesimmediately sparked my interest in becoming an educator and share my personal beliefs on the important aspects of education. In addition to this, I will present various traits I believe are essential and critical for teachers to successfully fulfill their role as an educator. During my elementary years, I developed an urge to frequently ask many questions during the school day. Being able to question anything was astonishing to me. This was because my parents were unable to answer my questions and help

Victorian Period - 2321 Words

Romantic period analysis The beauty of nature and its ability to set you free, the powers of imagination, individuality and a rebellion to tyranny are some of the ideas the romantic period brought to society’s attention. While rejecting neoclassical views of order, reason, tradition, society and formal diction. Romanticism allowed people to get away from the constrained rational views of life and concentrate on an emotional and sentimental side of humanity. The definition of poetry by William Wordsworth, (an important poet of the romantic period) exemplifies the importance of emotion and the individual, stating â€Å"Poetry is the spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings.† It was the publication of a collection of poems by†¦show more content†¦Romantic escapism is an extremely important element of John Keats’ poetry, serving as a foundation for many of his poems. In the â€Å"ode to a Nightingale† he is pouring out his thoughts and is longing for escape from the world fu ll of strife, sadness and grief. The recurrence of this theme in his poems is actually not only a part of romanticism, but also greatly a result of his personal unfortunate experiences in life. This painful experience in life is what makes him somewhat pessimistic and compels him to resort to the option of â€Å"escapism† through his poetry (KEATS PROJECTION OF ROMANTIC ESCAPISM). The poem Ode to a nightingale begins with the narrator saying he feels a drowsy numbness but the feeling is not from jealousy of the nightingale’s happiness because the narrator rejoices in the song. While listening to and appreciating the sweetly sung song of the nightingale, Keats too, wishes to become like her so that he can fly away from the cruel world that has given him nothing else but pain. â€Å"That I might drink, and leave the world unseen, and with thee fade away into the forest dim.† (Keats 1006) Through the use of the nightingale, a very real living creature in nature, Keats has provided us with both a real bird and a symbol of the immortality that is nature. Nature, in its never-ending cycle of life and death, achieves its own kind of immortality. This is something that men will never achieve. The bird isShow MoreRelatedThe Victorian Time Period1108 Words   |  4 PagesMany Victorians thought they were living in a time of great change. Queen Victoriaâ⠂¬â„¢s long reign occurred during political and social stability. But this stability was established before Victoria and most of her subjects were even born. Britain was free of war between Napoleon’s defeat in 1815 and World War I in 1914. While in power, Victoria was queen-empress of over 200 million people not living in Great Britain. At the same time the Industrial Revolution of the 18th century was expanding. NewRead MoreThe Period Of Victorian Times3057 Words   |  13 Pages Late-Victorian civilians had no hope or faith left by the end of Queen Victoria’s reign. Victorian poets either attempted to change the mind and hearts of Victorian people for the benefit of the throne or attempted to raise awareness for the benefit of progress over the course of the era’s entirety. Nineteenth century England reached its height as a world imperial power and had changed as dramatically as it had in all of its history combined during this time (Greenblatt 2145). The population ofRead MoreThe Romantic Period Of The Victorian Era1715 Words   |  7 PagesBeltran English IV- C Ms. Gordon 18 March 2015 Research Paper Throughout history, many time periods have been similar and different from each other. People from each time period decide what they want to continue incorporating and what they would like to disregard. The Victorian Era was brought about upon to show rebellion from the Romantic period. The Victorian Era is a reaction against the Romantic Period due to differences in terms of historical influences, effects of science, crises of faith, andRead MoreThe Regulation Of Prostitution During The Victorian Period1429 Words   |  6 PagesDuring the Victorian era, women were classified as either being the stay at home mother, or a prostitute. This essay will critically review the statement ‘The regulation of prostitution during the Victorian period – through the contagious disease acts - symbolised a sexual double standard of morality. One that required different standards of chastity for men and women.’ This statement will be reviewed by drawing upon contemporary and hist orical and sexual double standards. The regulation of prostitutionRead MoreThe Victorian Period : Wuthering Heights By Emily Bronte955 Words   |  4 PagesThe Victorian Era There have been many remarkable cultural trends throughout the history of mankind. One of the most influential cultural changes was called the Victorian period. This period not only changed the thought process of society, it also changed the fine arts that the culture produced. Literature was highly affected by the trends that were set during this time period and continue to show characteristics within modern writings. A great example of this transition into modern times is a literaryRead MoreThe Literature of the Victorian Period1090 Words   |  5 Pagesand South† by Gaskell Book Report Example of Literature Review essay, Sample Paper Introduction The literature of the Victorian period is the synonymy of oppositions. Some of the oppositions introduced by this period are to be considered â€Å"vital† as they deal with the major human values. The list of the works known to be the best representations of the Victorian world outlook is very long; nevertheless some works are to be highlighted. Opposition is the core of Stevenson’s â€Å"Dr. Jekyll andRead MoreChanges And Developments Of The Victorian Period1362 Words   |  6 PagesThe Victorian Period was characterized for its evolution on the British Literature. This Period that starts from the years 1830 to 1900 was characterized by fast changes and developments, in this situation, from the knowledge, technology and science. The name â€Å"Victorian† comes from the royal woman, Queen Victoria. The single European conflict fought during Victoria s reign, in fact, the Crimean War of 1854 to 1856 contrasted evidently with the 18th century, following this, du ring the British wereRead MoreChange in the Victorian Period. the Role of Women.891 Words   |  4 PagesChange in the Victorian period. The role of women. The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland is the country whose rich history covers many periods and eras. It saw its ups and downs, experienced both hardships and prosperity. It has been the leading power throughout centuries, with many countries looking up to it and kneeling before it. Still, the echo of its former majesty can be seen up to the present day. However, it is impossible to describe the periods all at once. It wouldRead MoreNature Trhough Romanticism and Victorian Period2582 Words   |  11 PagesCOMPARATIVE OF WORDSWORTH AND TENNYSON: LIFE, SOCIAL AND POLITICAL EVENTS AND WORKS. NATURE TRHOUGH ROMANTICISM AND VICTORIAN PERIOD         Ã‚  Ã‚  In this paper, I’m going to compare the two great poets there is in each period that we have study: William Wordsworth as a Romantic poet and Lord Tennyson as a Victorian one. I’m going to compare their life, works and the political and social context in which they were involved because I want to demonstrate why they were the most important poets in their respectiveRead MoreThe Effect of Marriage on a Woman of the Victorian Period1237 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿Kate Chopin Author Kate Chopin is considered a feminine author because most of her stories feature a plot about a turn of the twentieth century woman who is struggling against the restrictions of the gender biases of her period. At this time in history women were socially insignificant. They were not allowed to have any real power but instead were relegated to the private sphere. A womans only role in life at the time was as wife and mother. Any ambition outside of these roles was considered

Identity Theft Free Essays

Identity theft is not only stealing of credit card information but through online sources as well. Identity Theft has become a major issue since technology has become more popular throughout the world. Since consumers are co-dependent for technology it is an easier solution to fast sufficient services and each time we use the internet we input data that takes our name, address, even private accounts. We will write a custom essay sample on Identity Theft or any similar topic only for you Order Now For example, if you get an email that says you won a gift card to a certain store they want your full information to supposedly send you the card in the mail. Frauds will even call you from private numbers stating they are from debt collecting agency acting for bank account and social security information. Common ways Identity Theft that may occur are Defrauding businesses, stealing records from their employer, hacking into business or organization’s computers Steve Wisman stated this quote out of his book, The Truth about Identity Theft, â€Å"can be done through high tech, low tech, or no tech† (Steve, 2010). Credit card fraud scheme is when you use your card to shop online, giving your card, name, and address in order to make a purchase, if you are not careful your information can be monitored by fraudsters using a program so they can record the details entered. After gathering your information they have access to make transactions for purchasing items. There are also credit card machine to duplicate your original credit card. * 9 out of 10 fraudsters get away with your information. 70% of companies surveyed agreed that internet is the most risky way to the market, due to the fact that 52% of companies agree that internet fraud is a problem within their company and 55% will admits that it’s a huge concern in their company. * 48% claims it takes up to a month before anybody is aware of a fraud. * Rarely companies are protected, that’s why only 15%of companies have automated systems in place to detect fraud. Master fraudsters are more confident in their ability that they spend little or no time to cover up their tracks * 58% of those surveyed believe that online fraud is preventing successful transactions on the internet. An example of a successful fraud is Amar Singh and his wife Neha Punjani-Singh. Both Amar and Neha are in their 30’s and pleaded guilty to identity theft and enterprise corruption charges involving their roles in a $13 million scam. The two were one of the few people who were arrested for taking part in an operation that netted the millions between July and September of 2011. Court documents were posted by wired magazine. Singh was one of four bosses of the criminal enterprise. They received information about unknown people from many countries. Frauds used a skimming device to swipe consumer credit card information at retail stores and illegal identification-gathering websites. According to the New York Post, the judge told Singh that he was a huge criminal and a rip-off artist (CHRISTINA, 2012). After that statement Singh, who faced up to 250 years in prison, was only sentenced to 5 1/3 to 10 2/3 years in prison for the charges. Singh took the plea agreement to spare his wife, Neha Punjani-Singh jail time and dodged about 250 years in prison if he went to trial. As for his wife, Neha Punjani-Singh pleaded guilty to petty larceny and was dismissed with a conditional discharge sentence. How to cite Identity Theft, Papers Identity Theft Free Essays string(74) " in the United States that controls consumer’s credit card information\." Identity theft is a serious problem that has been happening for a very long period of time. In America there are over 9 million victims of identity theft that takes place every year. Research shows Nine out of ten American homeowners have concerns about becoming victims of identity theft. We will write a custom essay sample on Identity Theft or any similar topic only for you Order Now This is the most rapid growing type of fraud in the country, yet virtually two-thirds are hesitant whether their insurance policy is able to protect them financially if this crime were to occur. A vast proportion of 83 percent believe the government should seize action to help prevent identity theft. WWW. SSA. GOV, 2009) [pic] According to Federal Trade Commission statistics, identity theft has reached a fraction of 72 percent between 2001 and 2002, from 220,000 occurrences to 380,000. Even though 97 percent of the homeowners surveyed had heard of identity theft, and practically one in four knows someone who has been a victim, 61 percent are uncertain whether their homeowner’s insurance policy would compensate them for expenses required in recuperating after this fraud has been convicted. Only 11 percent of the homeowners surveyed feel as though their policy protects them fully. With the likelihood of identity theft increasing each year, these survey results suggest that more than 60 million homeowners could be at financial risk if they were to fall victim to this type of fraud, despite that increasing trend, only a small percentage of policies actually provide coverage for expenses incurred in recovering from identity theft. † States Michelle Kenney, an underwriting executive who specializes in high-end policies (WWW. SSA. GOV, 2009). Identity theft comes in many forms. One type of identity theft is necrolarcency the unauthorized use of checking accounts or bogus credit cards. This is when someone has the unauthorized use of your name, social security number, or credit card number. Another type of identity theft is the unauthorized use of your social security number, birth certificate, and passport. Government document fraud may get a drivers license in your name with their picture, or use your social security number to receive government benefits. They can also file a fraudulent tax return with your personal information (Identity theft: what to do if it happens to you, 1996). Other things identity thefts are capable of are using your social security number to get a job, for medical care and services, or put your personal information down when they get arrested and if they don’t show up to the court date there will be a warrant out for your arrest issued in your name. These thieves misrepresent themselves as the victim. The theft may use your name and other personal information for many different reasons such as; acquire a credit card, establish a telephone account, and even rent an apartment. You may not even be aware this is taking place until you review your credit report and notice charges that you never had made, or a debit collector contacts you (identity theft checklist). In that case you always should file a police report right away to evaluate the problem before things get worse. Identity thieves can also establish utilities such as telephone service, electricity, or cable services in someone else’s name avoiding monthly payments. They can also send the bills to another address and run up your charges so you may never receive your bill to make your payments, and then your credit history will be destroyed. Skilled identity thefts have developed many easy ways to steal information over time. Some ways are dumpster diving, which is when they rummage through another person’s trash searching for bills and other forms of identification (Identity theft: what to do if it happens to you, 1996). Also, there is skimming which is when they take your card information and merchants record your information while processing your card. Thieves will attach a data storage device to an ATM machine or card reader at a retail checkout that will steal important credit card information and debit credit card numbers. Another type of identity theft is phishing. Thieves pretend to be a financial institution and send spam pop-ups to your computer to persuade consumers to reveal themselves. Identity thieves are also using technology to steal your identity. For example, some thieves plant crime ware directly onto your personal computer to steal your credentials. This happens on corporate computers and can compromise computer security (identity theft checklist). Another growing problem that exists online is pharming crime ware that misdirects users to fraudulent sites or servers. They run up charges on your existing account by opening a wireless phone account in your name. Also they can use your name to receive utility services such as cable TV, heating, and electricity. Bank and finance fraud is when they use your name or account number to create counterfeit checks with a large amount of money that can leave you far in debt. Also they can open a banking account and write out bad checks to people in your name. They could also drain your account by making unauthorized use of credit cards and make electronic withdrawals. They may even take out an entire loan (WWW. SSA. GOV, 2009). There are some laws that protect consumers from identity theft. Current legislation such as CHECK 21 tries to prevent thieves from stealing your bank account information. For example, previously bank customers would receive their checks in the mail with their monthly summary statement making it easier for thieves to have access to sensitive information. CHECK 21 allows receivers to receive digital versions of checks instead of paper copies making it more difficult for thieves to access account information (Identity theft: what to do if it happens to you, 1996). The fair credit reporting act is also a very good way of protection. This is a federal law in the United States that controls consumer’s credit card information. You read "Identity Theft" in category "Papers" Just as the fair debt collection practices act, it gives the rights of consumer credit in the United States. This act is entitled amend the Federal Deposit Insurance Act to oblige insured banks to preserve certain records, to require that certain transactions in United States currency be reported to the Department of the Treasury (identity theft checklist). Fair debt collection practices act provides rights to consumers and limits debt collector’s abilities. Some debt collectors harass people by calling them constantly at inconvenient hours of the morning or night. In this case you are able to file a lawsuit to protect your rights. Many collection agencies offer consolidation programs so consumers can pay off their debt and establish good credit. There are also courses available to teach people money management and responsibilities (About identity theft). The electronic transfer act is another great way to keep your personal identity safe. This act was established to give you rights  and responsibility of  consumers  and all the contributors in electronic funds transfer  actions. The electronic transfer act is not particularly very flawless. This system occasionally makes errors so you will need to review the transactions to be carful. There are procedures you must follow if there are errors noticed. You must contact a financial institution within thirty days and explain your predicament so they can begin to investigate and solve your problem (identity theft checklist). The annual free credit report act provides consumers with a free credit report once a year from the three national credit reporting agencies. Some companies require payments for your credit report and should not have to. Some services proclaim they are free, and then bill you for services you must cancel. The information in your report is used to evaluate your submission for credit, insurance, employment, and renting a home. Also, you should always make sure your reports are up to date by seeing if you recognize the information (About identity theft). Credit bureaus present consumer credit information from various sources such as bill paying borrowing behavior. This gives lenders a better feel of trust for your ability to pay back loans and influences your interest rate. Experian is credit bureaus that provide information to consumers to help manage financial decisions. Also there is Equifax which gives businesses and consumers information they can trust. TransUnion gives consumers and business advantages to manage your decisions. Risk-based pricing will affect your Interest rate by risking amounts of borrowed money and proving you can pay them off. People with poor credit such as bankruptcies will pay a higher annual interest rate than those who have good credit (Identity theft- what you need to know to protect yourself). Fraud is a huge problem in the United States for various reasons. It has caused many problems for people such as loss of life, money, injuries, and more serious things. Fraud is misrepresentation with intent to deceive. This is when someone or a company advertises something when they are well aware that it is not capable of what they have guaranteed (Identity theft: what to do if it happens to you, 1996). Fraud investigators determine if fraud has occurred and identifies confirmation. Telemarketing fraud is one of the most common types. When you give personal or financial information to unknown callers or money to people you do not know personally, you increase your likelihood of becoming a victim of telemarketing  fraud. Once you pay money to a fraud over the phone, it is difficult to get your money back, but here are many ways to avoid telemarketing fraud. You must always be alert when it comes to purchasing over the telephone (Fedral trade commission). Craigslist is a free online classified ad service that people can use for various reasons. It is used to buy, sell, trade, job, and much more. Identity theft on craigslist is easy to identify, for example if someone asks for a payment ahead of time or asks for personal information without proof of your purchase. You should always be aware of keeping your personal information anonymous and check the other person’s credentials. Craigslist is a great tool if used carefully, or you could be put in a bad situation (About identity theft). Microsoft provides computer security, digital privacy, and online safety to its consumers. There are programs to stop phishing and gives you tip’s on how protect your personal information. It offers antivirus and spyware programs, PC safety scams, and malicious software removal tools. Former United States senator Hillary Clinton states that well over 400,000 children are victims of identity theft. The percentage of children victims have rapidly grown to be a proportion of 78 percent. A seven year old with a clean credit history had their social security number stolen by a theft that purchased a $40,000 houseboat. Clinton’s reaction to this dilemma was to develop Privacy Rights and Oversight for Electronic and Commercial Transaction act, and make sure that all companies giving access to credit confirm the age of the applicant (About identity theft). Senator Charles Schumer has embarked on a domestic investigation into account fraud which had led to substantial identity theft. Westlaw, an information company, allowed clients to search for individual social security number. As a result, Schumer has put control on access for those who can find information on Westlaw’s security systems. Schumer states, â€Å"While ChoicePoint’s recent breach of security has been one of the biggest cases of ID theft in the country, ID theft is popping up everyday at other companies who have similarly lacked the proper security to guard people’s personal information. The new rise in identity theft cases nationwide is approaching epidemic proportions and Congress must act quickly to bolster privacy protections. (Identity theft- what you need to know to protect yourself). Victims of identity theft in some instances, credit reports could contain negative information that may deny you loans for education. This will enable you to attend the college you desire due to money issues as well as housing and vehicles. Also you may be limited with few job opportunities. In rare cases you could even be arrested for a crime you did not even commit. Once thieves have stolen your identity they can do a lot of damage with your personal information such as credit card frauds. They can change a very good credit history to an extremely awful one that would take a lot of time to make things back to normal. All the payments would get sent to your card and you’d have to pay all the bills before you notice what is happeningif you figure out your identity has been stolen, or are even suspicious that your credit reports have any additional unknown charges you should contact the police immediately before problems get worse. You should also notify creditors to restore your good name as soon as you can. A police report contains important information such as specific details for an identity theft report. This can permanently block fraudulent information that leads to identity theft and hides personal information from appearing on your credit report and make sure that these debts do not turn back up on these credit reports. You may be able to work with the company to resolve the dispute. Filing a report will let you take advantage to the protection you are entitled to (identity theft checklist). The United States has attempted a variety of different ways to improve the prevention of Identity Theft. There has been many times where there has been success found in the progress. One case, the Colorado House of Representatives has made changes to discontinue the thief from getting information and using it to obtain employment or preserve employment. Another way Identity theft has improved its prevention is the National Tax Payer Advocate alleged the International Revenue Service to improve protection to assist victims of identity theft. The IRS does not contain advocate action and this is the reason payers are required by law to give personal information. National Society of Accountance agreed the risk of identity theft is a substantial distress. Many recommendations were persecuted to protect tax payers (Identity theft: what to do if it happens to you, 1996). Identity theft is a very serious problem the United States has been facing for a very long time. In some cases, if you notice and report the problem early before it gets bad, you can take care of it much easier. In other cases where victims have had hundreds of dollars taken from them are in a much worse situation. They have to try and repair the damages that have happened to their credit records over a long period of time. The long term effects of identity theft are always awful and don’t end well. It lingers for a long time and your life could never be the same. You must always be aware of keeping your personal information private for no one to see or you will have very harsh consequences. BIBLIOGRAPHY â€Å"Identity Theft: What to Do If It Happens to You | Privacy Rights Clearinghouse. † Privacy Rights Clearinghouse | Empowering Consumers. Protecting Privacy. Web. 25 May 2011. â€Å"Identity Theft And Your Social Security Number. † The United States Social Security Administration. Web. 25 May 2011. http://www. ssa. gov/pubs/10064. html. â€Å"FTC Consumer Information – ID Theft, Privacy, Security: Identity Theft. † Federal Trade Commission. Web. 25 May 2011. â€Å"About Identity Theft – Deter. Detect. Defend. Avoid ID Theft. † Federal Trade C ommission. Web. 25 May 2011. . â€Å"What You Need to Know to Protect Yourself from Identity Theft. † Identity Theft – What You Need to Know to Protect Yourself from Identity Theft. Web. 25 May 2011. . How to cite Identity Theft, Papers Identity Theft Free Essays string(211) " their credit reports so that damages incurred during this period do not misrepresent the consumers own credit report since they were in fact victims of a crime and not actively ruining their own credit status\." Identity theft is a growing problem and costs American consumers billions of dollars and countless hours each year.   The following paper will discuss the issue of identity theft, the definition of the problem and it will survey five people about personal awareness of identity theft. The largest transaction a family, or individual will make is when they purchase a home. We will write a custom essay sample on Identity Theft or any similar topic only for you Order Now    The first step in buying a home is to make sure that the family and/or the individual understand the risks of identity theft and how serious it can become.   The Federal trade commission receives 15,000 to 20,000 consumer complaints every week.   Identity theft can ruin a person’s credit and derail that person’s real estate dreams. Related reading: Snatch Theft Essay In fact, many consumers first learn they are victims of identity theft when they are in the process of renting or buying a home.   This means that a person’s or family’s real estate dreams can be dashed in a moment because they were unknowingly a victim of identity theft.   There are different avenues of choice a person can make in deterring identity theft and ensuring that one does not become a victim of such a crime. Because the home buying process involves sharing a certain amount of personal information with third parties, home buyers should be careful when sharing financial or other personal information, whether in person, on the phone, or over the Internet.   Many consumers are not aware that providing personal information online is in effect authorizing the owners of that site to sell the consumer’s information to third parties.   Therefore a person should only use trusted sites with security and/or privacy. Recently NAR and the Federal Trade Commission formed a partnership to combat identity theft.   The program, â€Å"Deter, Detect and Defend† aims to educate consumers, particularly homebuyers, about the devastating effects of identity theft and help them protect themselves against that crime. In order to deter identity thieves, the FTC and NAR recommend that consumers shred financial documents and paperwork with personal information before discarding.   This is because often times identity theft may occur when a criminal goes through a person’s trash and finds credit card acceptance letters and thus, they get the card under the person’s name all because the document was not discarded of properly or fully. Another deterrent that a person may do in order to protect their identity is to protect their social security number.   A person should only give out their social security number if absolutely necessary or ask to use another identifier.   If a person on a phone asks for this number they could be writing it down to use for their own benefit; such situations could be billing statements and questions with a person’s credit card company or any other billing service that wants a person to identify themselves with their social security number.   An alternative to using one’s own social security number is to use one’s account number instead. Another deterrent to identity theft is to not give out personal information on the phone by mail of the Internet unless the person knows with whom they speaking or dealing with.   Many people with cell phones often times conduct business while they are shopping or while they are out in public.   This is a very poor in judgment move to make because being in public and not aware of one’s own surroundings is a vulnerable place to be conducting business.   Many people forget in what surroundings they are speaking on their telephone and any eavesdropper can find out a person’s address, phone number, family members, etc. Another item on a list of deterrents is to make sure no one in public sees a credit card.   While standing in line at the checkout, camera phones have made it simpler and easier to be an identity thief; this is true because anyone who is behind someone in line using their credit card can simply take a picture of that card and have the account number for their personal use.   Therefore it is behooving to be constantly aware of one’s surrounding, who is the next person in line and to make sure the account number of a credit card while in use remains private. Thus, it becomes increasingly important to be able to detect suspicious behavior and activity everywhere.   A consumer should then know a few things so that the previous situations do not occur.   A consumer should routinely monitor financial accounts and billing statements.   If unusual activity appears on a person’s account it should be reported to the credit card or billing company immediately so that if the consumer is a victim of identity theft the card will be reported as such and the next time the thief uses the card there will exist a paper trail by which the police can find them. Another way in which a consumer can ensure their own protection is to be alert to signs that require immediate attention, such as bills that do not arrive as expected; unexpected credit cards or account statements; denials of credit for no apparent reason; and call or letters about purchases the consumer did not make.  Ã‚  Ã‚   Each of these items is a definite sign of identity theft.   A smart consumer is cautious about these different signs and ensures of their own accord that such false accounts are not accomplished by shredding credit card offers in the mail, and by keeping proper and timely track of their own purchases. Another way in which a consumer can safeguard against identity theft is to purchase monthly insurance from the credit card company that allows the consumer to be fully protected should identity theft occur.   Such a program is set up so that when faulty account balances are detected the consumer does not have to pay for the charges. If a consumer thinks that identity theft has occurred against them then they should place a ‘fraud alert’ on their credit reports so that damages incurred during this period do not misrepresent the consumers own credit report since they were in fact victims of a crime and not actively ruining their own credit status. You read "Identity Theft" in category "Essay examples" A consumer who has been the victim of identity theft should quickly close accounts that have been tampered with or established fraudulently.   This tells the credit companies that such accounts were initiated by the consumer since their action in repelling the accounts was swiftly taken. Consumers should also file a police report immediately once they are certain that they have been exposed to identity theft.   Filling such a report lets the police do their jobs in ensuring that such a crime does not persist and that the person or persons responsible for this crime are appropriately punished and do not go back out into the business world thinking that they can easily repeat their actions without negative results.   In order identity thieves to be put in jail the initial step is to file a police report. Another action that a consumer can accomplish if they have been the victim of an identity theft is to file a report of the theft to the Federal Trade Commission.   This further takes responsibility of the theft off of the shoulders of the consumer. There of course ways in which identity fraud has been staunched by different companies.   One way has been the introduction of virtual credit cards.   This service is given by MBNA and is called ShopSafe.   This service is found through MBNA’s Net Access service for paying bills online.   This means that a consumer can safely shop through their own browser or they can shop with a   free down load desktop software.   The virtual card has the option of the consumer choosing the duration of the card’s active status, and the limit on the card as well. (Arar, 2006, 47). Another option available for consumers is to pay by e-pay online.   This option is available at different online merchants which dictates that the consumer pays electronically (this is typically used in billing statements).   The site that has been utilized the most is PayPal.   Everything on PayPal is done safely, and electronically.   PayPal does not trade consumer information and does not allow the consumer’s   bank information to be directly seen by The research done with PC World, 2006, initiates consumer awareness about how to appropriately use a computer that ensures personal account information is not accessible by anyone else besides the consumer.   In their section entitles Privacy Watch; How to Secure Files on Your Hard Drive, the article discusses how to files safeguarded.   A consumer’s computer should be appropriately safeguarded by using encryption software, Files are encrypted only while on the hard drive.   If you send an e-mail attachment to someone from your encrypted hard drive, the software automatically decrypts the attachment before it leaves the PC, and the recipient receives a normal unscrambled message.   Full disk encryption tools used to have one major drawback: They slowed PCs considerably.   But as processor power has gone up, software makers have optimized their products so effectively that you can barely tell the encryption is happening.   I surfed the Web, checked and sent e-mail, and even played some graphically intensive games on the encrypted laptop without encountering a perceptible performance hit from the encryption software, which quietly went about its business in the background. 48. The overall focus of PC World’s article involved being a conscious consumer and careful shopper. David M. Lynch’s article Securing Against Insider Attacks (2006) also gives advice and warning signals of identity theft in regards to IT security.   One such maxim listed is that of trusting the people who make up established relationships.   This theory states that anyone within a person’s ‘tribe’ is immediately trustworthy but an outside must be viewed with precaution, as Lynch states, â€Å"Since the very first IT survey on cyber attacks, one fact has remained almost constant: a greater percentage of attacks come form the inside (from ‘trusted’ folks)—60 to 70 percent—than from the outside (the ‘untrusted’ folks). Or, to put it another way, roughly twice the number of attacks come from the inside vs. the outside.† (40).   This places a new perception on identity theft since the person who is the thieve is typically thought of as being a stranger, but in the above statement, Lynch points out that most of the time the person doing the thieving is someone the consumer personally knows. Lynch goes on to state that identity theft has become such a staple crime is because of the broadening scope of business which has subsequently made the world a smaller place.   Almost all business, large and small have processing orders all over the world   This ensures that an electronic identity is abundant in the business world.   This electronic identity when paired with repositories of personal information is the number one reason why identity theft has grown so widely (while the market grew in a global scale so did the crime of identity theft). Lynch’s article highlights different banks and organizations that themselves have been victims of identity theft, Data broker Acziom Corp. experienced identity theft by an insider that cost it $5.8 million, including employees’ time and travel expenses, security audits, and encryption software†¦ChoicePoint said in February that thieves using stolen identities had created 50 dummy businesses that pulled data including names, addresses, and Social Security numbers on as many as 145,000 people.   As a result, its stock dropped from $48 a share the day before the announcement to around $39. In May 2005, Wachovia corp. and Bank of America Corp.     notified more than 100,000 customers that their financial records had been stolen by bank employees and sold to collection agencies. At the time of writing, investigators are still looking into the case, which may involve the unauthorized sale of data on nearly 700,000 customers of various banks. In the same month, CardSystems Solutions Inc. confirmed it suffered a ‘security incident’ in which an ‘unauthorized individual’ infiltrated the computer network and may have stolen up to 40 million credit card numbers.   40 Each of these descriptions bears witness to the growing actions of identity theft not only toward consumers, or individuals, but also to large corporations and their customers. Although identity theft is a growing concern it remains the act of federal laws but even more so of state laws that deter such a crime.   New legislation has been put into place in different states such as North Dakota and California that ‘forces companies to reveal unauthorized access to information that is commonly found in phone books’ (41).   In California a more strict state law states that civil lawsuits to further deter identity thieves and punish existing thieves.   There is also a law in effect for Arkansas, Georgia, Montana, North Dakota, and Washington that would require that state agencies and businesses inform residents if their Social Security numbers are   disclosed (41). Lynch describes the change of the face of identity theft and the laws enacted to prevent such a crime.   The above paragraph mentions the initiative of states and governors to ensure that identity theft carries a harsh penalty but there is a contrasting point highlighted by Lynch that states   that this state-by-state approach is very slow and seemingly impossible, â€Å"†¦for any organization that does business in multiple states to set up different levels of security and access on a stat-by state basis† (41).   This means that companies will be forced quickly to set their own policies with the guidelines of the state in mind. Lynch’s article gives an example of a study done by the Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center (NTAC) and Carnegie Mellon University Computer Emergency Response Team (CERT) (published in May 2005) that gives details about insider attacks.   This survey gave attention to people who had previously been exposed to internal access to information systems and used them fraudulently.  Ã‚  Ã‚   The report however did not give a variable for the gain of money. The study was based on behavioral and technical viewpoints.   These findings divulged that most of the identity thieves had previously been employees of the companies from which they stole (which goes back to Lynch’s original idea of thinking people within the ‘tribe’ were trustworthy, while people outside of the tribe were not trustworthy), as Lynch states, â€Å"Most involved organizations identified financial losses, negative impacts to their business operations, and damage to their reputation as results of the attacks. The impetus for most attacks was some form of negative work-related event, the most frequently reported motive was revenge, and the attacks were clearly a planned activity† (42-43).   The identity thieves did not follow any profile but were simply employees or former employees of the company. In regards to these attacks Lynch lists several ways in which a company or even a person can secure themselves from identity theft.   The study conducted had employees without real technical experience gaining access to private folders and consumer identities.   Lynch suggests that a layered defense that entails policies, procedures, and technical controls for protection.   Lynch goes on to state that for IT there are specific procedures to follow to aid in preventing identity fraud which include, â€Å"Restrict remote access†¦Restrict system administrator†¦Collect information for all remote logins†¦Monitor failed remote logins†¦Ã¢â‚¬ (44-45). The two main elements that a company of consumer should achieve in order to prevent such attacks include information gathering and analysis.   Although the government on the federal and state level are making new legislations as to how to deal with identity fraud security on one’s own computer is a good way to prevent the attempt of identity theft, as Lynch emphasizes, â€Å"†¦the first step toward this is understanding and acknowledging that we are all subject to the ‘trusted tribe’ mentality and that it is creating blind spots in our planning and implementation† (46).   Thus, the ability to trust people, even those of the ‘tribe’ can be a misleading step in securing protection against identity fraud. Surveys Five people were surveyed for this research paper.   They were asked qualitative questions with a few quantitative questions in order to provide statistics as to the percentage of consumers who had been victims of identity theft.   The demographic for this research was based on male students ages 18-24 who either had or had not been victims of this crime.   Their previous history with identity theft was given as well as their personal thoughts on how to counter identity theft.   Here is a list of the questions the subjects were given to qualitatively answer: Have you ever been the victim of identity theft? Do you know someone who has been a victim of identity theft?   How were you or the person you knew victims of identity theft?   Was the person who committed this crime against you someone you knew?   What precautions do you take to ensure your identity is not stolen?   Do you always take precautions of this kind?   Do you think identity theft is a problem in the Unites States?   Do you think identity theft is a problem on a global scale? Of the five people given this survey three of them had been victims of identity theft.   The ways in which the three people had been victims of identity theft all included stolen credit cards (or in one person’s case, they had become a victim by someone else signing up for the credit card they had thrown away in a public trash can).   In each of these three cases the victims were not in relation or did not know the person who stole their identity. One of the other males surveyed had a relative who had been the victim of identity theft.   His aunt had thrown away credit card acceptance letters and her daughter signed up for the card and charged $5,000 to the card within a month.   The other male surveyed was not a victim of identity theft nor knew of anyone who had been a victim of such a crime. Each respondent knew the ways in which they could secure their identity, especially the three who had already been victims, one of which states, â€Å"A lesson I only needed to learn once†.   Asked how they security methods for ensuring identity theft did occur they listed a tv commercial as to the main reason they knew how to handle their own trash and how to behave in public so that personal information was not divulged to strangers (each surveyed male listed the McGruff, Bite Out of Crime commercials as their main source of knowledge on identity theft and ways in which to prevent it). The one surveyed male said that he always took precautions to ensure that his identity was not stolen; asked what these precautions were he said he owned a paper shredder and never took his garbage out at night but always during the morning right before the trash person was due to arrive.   This surveyed male later told the researchers that he was studying to be a cop and so knew how to properly handle himself in the area of identity theft. The other males listed that they tore up credit card statements after receiving them.   The surveyed male’s aunt who had her daughter steal from her now throws her statements in the fire place (they live in the Northern Territory and so their fireplace is on most of the time). The overall consensus to the question of identity theft being a problem in America all of the males surveyed answered positively.   Asked whether or not they thought identity theft was a problem globally only two answered yes (the male with the relative and the male who was studying to be a police officer).   The rest of the answers for identity theft being a problem globally was answered negatively. While there is no single answer to identity theft, the Federal Trade Commission, the police and also the credit card company itself may be allies to avoid this potential pitfall.   A consumer has the responsibility to report fraudulent charges on their billing statement to ensure that other consumers’ identities are not stolen by the same thief.   A consumer must deter, detect and defend themselves against identity theft by all means stated in the above paper. Bibliography Arar, Yardena.   (December 2006).   Protect Yourself Against Credit Fraud.   PC World. Vol. 24, Issue 12.   pp. 47-52 Lynch, David, M.   (November 2006).   Securing Against Insider Attacks.   Information Systems Security.   Vol. 15 Issue 5, p39-47. Annotated Bibliography Arar, Yardena.   (December 2006).   Protect Yourself Against Credit Fraud.   PC World. Vol. 24, Issue 12.   pp. 47-52 This article focuses on different consumer actions that can be taken as a course of precaution against credit fraud.   Such items as virtual credit cards and buying through PayPal were given as well as a detailed account of securing files on a computer through encryption. Lynch, David, M.   (November 2006).   Securing Against Insider Attacks.   Information Systems Security.   Vol. 15 Issue 5, p39-47. This article provide psychological background to the way in which consumers and companies perceive identity attacks which is dichotomized into the trust tribe, people within the company or in close relation to the consumer and the untrusted tribe, people outside of the company or strangers.   The article also provided a brief study that highlights the demographic of identity thieves and the impetus for their actions. How to cite Identity Theft, Essay examples

Financial - Sustainability and Integrated Reporting for Woolworths

Question: Discuss about theFinancial, Sustainability and Integrated Reporting for Woolworths. Answer: Introduction: The report is prepared to discuss of three different stakeholders of organization. It deals with demonstration of information required by each group of stakeholders and the reasons of such information required by them. In this report, selected organization is Woolworths Limited. Woolworths limited has always attempted to build stakeholder relationships and stakeholder engagement that has been integral part of doing business. The stakeholder engagement framework has been developed by setting up cross functional team and shifting to a more inclusive model (Ditlev-Simonsen Wenstp, 2013). The three important stakeholder groups of the organization includes customers, employees and shareholders or investors. Discussion: Customers- Woolworths engage with customers to understand their needs and growing revenue by enhancing brand. The information needs for customers involve understanding their needs and requirements as it is essential for providing them with right products at right time and getting exactly what they are looking for in the specific stores. One of the most important part of organization to become a customer oriented business is listening and understanding their needs. Customers seeks information about services, products and all format strategies by ensuring that organization understand their utilities and intent. They intend to provide organization with the new opportunities and enhancing the segmentation model so that business comes up with needed products. Maintaining close contacts with customers helps in satisfying their needs. Customers are able to share their feeling and thoughts by several feedback methods used by marketers or business. Customers are regarded as the key driver for decisions that is taken throughout the business (Lawrence Weber, 2014). It can be explained with the help of instance that customers might seek information about raw materials used in the manufacturing process and usage of such materials would be affected by reaction of customers to products design. Therefore, there are many reasons that is associated with requirement of information as customers want organizations to develop products that would satisfy them. Shareholders or investors- Investors and shareholders represents the owners of company as they own a percentage of shares of organization. Shareholders seek information about profitability position of organization as they are provider of funds. Information of total cash inflow and outflow, balance sheet position depicting the assets and liabilities and information about income statement of company is sought by investors. Profitability, efficiency, liquidity and solvency position of Woolworths would help investors in undertaking correct financial decisions. This will help them to provide with informed perception about organization so that positive investment environment is created. Such information helps in creating a timeous, relevant and transparent communication so that investors and shareholders are provided with through understanding of Woolworths performance and adopting strategy of going forward. Woolworths provide shareholders with several financial statements in annual report depicting their financial position (Rodrigue et al., 2013). The price of shares listed in stock market should be provided to them as it would assist them in making long-term and short-term investments accordingly. Favorable financial position helps in maintaining credibility position of organization and would generate favorable return to them. Information about financial position of Woolworths is of utmost important to investors (Wolf, 2014). Such information is required by this particular group of investors for evaluating their investments made in equity and gaining relevant and reliable data in the financial statement. It helps in gauging how well earnings are generated by organization. Suppliers- Suppliers are another important shareholders in organization such as Woolworths Holding Limited. Development of fair and reliable relations with suppliers help in sourcing raw materials for the products in proper and ethical way. Suppliers views the reputable position of organization and they supply with innovative, new and standard products by delivering consistent quality. Suppliers seek information about the raw materials are processed so that they are able to maintain and ensure environmental and social responsibility across their supply chain. One of the pre requisite of suppliers is adhering to business principles code. Demand of raw materials is determined by suppliers to provide them with timely delivery of products. Suppliers also assist organization in solving sustainability issues by extending the involvement in various sustainability program. Integration with the suppliers helps in maximizing the bottom value impact and business value. Managing suppliers helps in optimizing and helps in creating accountability and optimizing their performance. Suppliers relationship with organization helps in limiting business, reputational and organizational risks (Yakimova et al., 2016). Furthermore, information about efforts taken by organization to remain sustainable and socially responsible helps suppliers in analyzing the sustainability position. They seek such information for incorporating sustainability practice in the supply chain management. Conclusion: From the above analysis, it is concluded that suppliers, customers and shareholders are relevant stakeholders of Woolworths limited. They seek various information form organization and organization seeks information from them to bring changes in products or creating innovation. Customers seeks information about products design, investors seeks information regarding the profitability position of company and suppliers maintains their sustainability position by evaluating the efforts of company concerning the same. References list: Brummette, J., Zoch, L. M. (2016). How stakeholders personal values influence their value expectations for legitimate organizations.Corporate Communications: An International Journal,21(3), 309-321. Ditlev-Simonsen, C. D., Wenstp, F. (2013). How stakeholders view stakeholders as CSR motivators.Social responsibility journal,9(1), 137-147. Lawrence, A. T., Weber, J. (2014).Business and society: Stakeholders, ethics, public policy. Tata McGraw-Hill Education. Rodrigue, M., Magnan, M., Boulianne, E. (2013). Stakeholders influence on environmental strategy and performance indicators: A managerial perspective. Management Accounting Research,24(4), 301-316. Wolf, J. (2014). The relationship between sustainable supply chain management, stakeholder pressure and corporate sustainability performance.Journal of business ethics,119(3), 317-328. Yakimova, R., Merrilees, B., Miller, D. (2016). Engaging Internal Stakeholders: Revitalizing Community Organizations Through Rebranding. InLooking Forward, Looking Back: Drawing on the Past to Shape the Future of Marketing(pp. 764-771). Springer, Cham.

Flight Essays (847 words) - John Steinbeck, More Pep, Pep

Flight In his classic short story, "Flight," John Steinbeck uses many examples of symbolism to foreshadow the conclusion. Symbolism can be anything, a person, place or thing, used to portray something beyond itself. It is used to represent or foreshadow the ending of the story. Steinbeck uses colors, direction, and nature symbolism to help presage Pep?'s tragic death. Let us now more closely examine the ways that Steinbeck uses colors to foreshadow the ending of his short story. Perhaps the most repeatedly used symbol in "Flight," is the color black. In literature many authors use black to represent death. There are numerous examples in this short story. Some of these include the black handle on the long blade, Pep?'s black hair and the black jerky. Another example may be found when Pep? puts on his fathers black coat, which represents death. When Pep? puts on the coat he is literally covering himself with death. Another fine example is the trail in which Pep? travels. Steinbeck describes the path as a well-worn black path. By traveling on this path he is in fact taking the road of death. Furthermore Pep?'s appearance also helps foreshadow the ending. Steinbeck describes him as having a black hat that covers his black thatched hair. Pep? is also described as being dark, lean and tall. Another example is Pep?'s shack. The shack is described as weathered and very old. It casts a rather large shadow to the North east. The darkness of the shadow symbolizes death in the home. As we can readily see, the authors use of black symbolism in the story tells us that the main character, Pep?, is impending death. Another commonly used symbol in the story "Flight," is direction. Direction is used to represent positive or negative effects. North and East are generally "good" directions. Many people feel this came about when the early man saw the sun rise in the East. On the contrary, the directions South and West are generally "bad" directions. Basically this is because the sun sets in the West. Besides compass directions, height is also a very popular way of foreshadowing the conclusion of the story. The direction up, which is also the way to heaven is generally "good," while down, the direction of hell, is considered to be "bad." An example of this form of symbolism can be found when Pep? is returning home. Pep? looks at his "weathered little shack" and notices the shadow. The shadow is heading in the direction North East. Even though the directions North and East are "good," the fact that the shadow is there turns them "bad." This means that evil is winning over goodness. So, whichever direction Pep? turns to he will fall into evil. Another fine example is when Pep? watches the sun set in the West. The sun, which is the bringer of all life is moving towards evil. That means it will be dark out and Pep?'s death is soon to come. Steinbeck further uses this symbolism while describing the tops of the trees on the mountain. The tops of the trees were wind-bitten and dead. This symbolizes that the further Pep? travels up the mountain the closer he is to his inevitable death. As shown above, direction is another very important aspect of symbolism. Direction is just another of the many ways John Steinbeck accomplishes his foreshadowing of the ending of his story. Let us now look further into symbolism by discovering yet another form of symbolism. Throughout the story Steinbeck emphasizes nature symbolism. Nature symbolism includes a variety of things. One very popular symbol is water. Because of the fact that we, as humans, require water in order to live, water represents life. An example of this in the story "Flight," would be Pep?'s water bag that he hung over his horse's shoulder. The water leaked onto the horse's shoulder. This meant Pep?'s life was actually leaking away. It just so happened that when the horse was shot it was in the same shoulder. The most obvious example of nature symbolism would be when Pep? is traveling up the mountain. When he first starts out he is traveling very close to the river. As he continues with his journey, the path in which he travels has the tendency to turn more and more away from the river. In reality this means Pep? is moving further away from life and closer to his inevitable death. These are just a couple of situations in the story "Flight" that help the reader catch a glimpse of

History of Scuba Diving and Pioneer Jacques Cousteau

History of Scuba Diving and Pioneer Jacques Cousteau Modern scuba diving gear consists of one or more gas tanks strapped to the divers back, connected to an air hose and an invention called the demand regulator. The demand regulator controls the flow of air so that the air pressure within the divers lungs equals the pressure of the water. Early Diving Gear Ancient swimmers used cut hollow reeds to breathe air, the first rudimentary snorkel used to enhance our abilities underwater. Around 1300, Persian divers were making rudimentary eye goggles from the thinly sliced and polished shells of tortoises. By the 16th century, wooden barrels were used as primitive diving bells, and for the first time divers could travel underwater with more than one breath of air, but not much more than one. More Than One Breath In 1771, British engineer, John Smeaton invented the air pump. A hose was connected between the air pump and the diving barrel, allowing air to be pumped to the diver. In 1772, Frenchmen, Sieur Freminet invented a rebreathing device that recycled the exhaled air from inside of the barrel, this was the first self-contained air device. Freminets invention was a poor one, the inventor died from lack of oxygen after being in his own device for twenty minutes. In 1825, English inventor, William James designed another self-contained breather, a cylindrical iron belt attached to a copper helmet. The belt held about 450 psi of air, enough for a seven-minute dive. In 1876, Englishmen, Henry Fleuss invented a closed circuit, oxygen rebreather. His invention was originally intended to be used in the repair of an iron door of a flooded ships chamber. Fleuss then decided to use his invention for a thirty-foot deep dive underwater. He died from the pure oxygen, which is toxic to humans under pressure. Rigid Diving Suits In 1873, Benoà ®t Rouquayrol and Auguste Denayrouze built a new piece of equipment a rigid diving suit with a safer air supply, however it weighed about 200 pounds. Houdini Suit - 1921 Famous magician and escape artist, Harry Houdini (born Ehrich Weiss in Budapest, Hungary in 1874) was also an inventor. Harry Houdini astonished audiences by escaping from handcuffs, straitjackets, and locked boxes, often doing so underwater. Houdinis invention for a divers suit permitted divers, in case of danger, to quickly divest themselves of the suit while submerged and to safely escape and reach the surface of the water. Jacques Cousteau Emile Gagnan Emile Gagnan and Jacques Cousteau co-invented the modern demand regulator and an improved autonomous diving suit. In 1942, the team redesigned a car regulator and invented a demand regulator that would automatically fresh air when a diver breathed. A year later in 1943, Cousteau and Gagnan began selling the Aqua-Lung.

Imperialism, WWI, and Modernism Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Imperialism, WWI, and Modernism - Coursework Example As such, it was important at that time that the U.S. did not willingly get involved in any types of skirmishes overseas. The attitude toward the individual in the World War I era was the preceding boondoggle that would eventually cast a pall over the country as the Great Depression later set in. Conrad’s story reflects this pessimism. According to Conrad (2006), â€Å"Between us there was, as I have already said somewhere, the bond of the sea. Besides holding our hearts together through long periods of separation, it had the effect of making us tolerant of each other's yarns—and even convictions† (pgh. 4). Conrad mentions that he is â€Å"tolerant,† but not accepting—which is an even higher form of tolerance that moves beyond just allowing someone or something to exist without deference for the person or thing itself. T.S. Eliot’s poem The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock takes an even more pessimistic view on life. Obviously he feels the prob lems that come with getting old, and sounds like a whiny elderly man. He talks about how he’s losing his hair, and how he wants to walk upon the beach, eat a peach, and basically do whatever he wants. However, he feels that he is being constrained by the social duties placed upon him in life. According to Eliot (1917), â€Å"I have measured out my life with coffee spoons† (line 51). ... All three of these writers basically make clear that the World War I era was full of people whose personalities were somewhat diluted because of the fact that people were trying to maintain societal images, while all the time inside themselves, people were wanting to act out and do things their own way. The early 20th century was a time when mobility changed from horse and buggy to the car. The new stressors that came with modern life fully affected people, and life began to go at a faster pace, yet still peoples’ minds slowed down as they tried desperately to maintain social order and good social graces in the face of WWI. Imperialism and the development of colonies all over the world by various European countries compounded this depressive attitude. Modernism in literature definitely mimicked this attitude well, as can be seen from the literature surveyed here. Part Two: Does this more depressed view of humanity and the individual continue to the present? Use your own experi ences to help answer this question. (280 words) This more depressed view of humanity continues to haunt us in present-day America. People are very upset with the fact that there are two wars going on overseas and our national budget is at over $10 trillion dollars—not to mention the U.S. owes a lot of that money to China. Americans are depressed because they can’t get jobs. Americans are depressed because our military budget is overreaching other forms of budgeting that would provide assistance to those Americans who are most needy. In my own experience, we live in a very depressing era because—although the world is becoming much more technologically advanced and

REFLECTIONS ON YOUR JOURNAL AND THE COURSE part 2 Coursework

REFLECTIONS ON YOUR JOURNAL AND THE COURSE part 2 - Coursework Example Discrimination is another problem facing American working citizens. Workers in USA undergo discriminations based on age, gender and physical status. Employees from the global societies of today suffer the same problem of discriminations depicted lowering the quality of performance at the workplace. The government should enact strict policies to protect the working citizens from such exploitation that reduces the quality of service delivery leading to under exploitation of human labor. According to Barboza’s report, Apple Corporation is one company that exposes its workers to hostile working environment. My thinking about exposure to hostile working conditions as a contributing factor to unemployment remains the same after witnessing a reputable corporation like Apple exposing employees to the same conditions. The future of the American citizens is not promising despite the formation of various trade unions and retirement acts. Corrupt government officials embezzle pension scheme funds rendering the systems unreliable for the American

Cultural Significance Of The Reformation During The Renaissance Research Paper

Cultural Significance Of The Reformation During The Renaissance - Research Paper Example This was simply a cultural movement that occurred around the 14th -17th century in Europe. The most remarkable feature about this period is artistic developments. However, there were also some significant cultural reformations that will be discussed in this paper. Initially, Europe had conservative traditions but vital cultural reformations in the renaissance were stimulated by the reformation in music and religious teachings, and the emergence of new artistic ideas. This new culture entailed a lot of freedom and individualism as sparked by the creative works of several musicians and artists during the period. The emergent creativity led to artists abandoning artistic ways of the medieval era which were strict in nature. This led to the development of artistic improvements for example, realism in art. Giottto di Bondone was the first artist in the renaissance period to treat a painting as a widow into space (Bainton, 1952). Renaissance led to renewal of the desire to bring out the be auty of nature and explore the axioms of aesthetics. This motivated artists to come up with new painting techniques which included studying human anatomy, and light and shadow. Leonardo da Vinci’s Mona Liza Painting is a good demonstration of the study of the human anatomy. The artistic culture during the renaissance period can therefore be described as being vibrant and this led to development of naturalism in painting. The renaissance period led to reformations in the music industry for example, secular music gained more popularity. This was stimulated by the development of the printing press which enabled music to be printed and spread faster. These songs mainly dealt with military and romantic themes. The form of the madrigal which was developed in Italy spread fast to Netherlands, England France and Germany (Estep, 1986). The shift to secularism was not only seen in the music industry but the general society as well. This was mainly brought about by the changes that occu rred in religion and humanism. For example, a reformation in humanism led to a shift in the focus of life to individualism. This is where each person was supposed to be his or her own priest with the Bible being the only true authority (Smith, 1920). According to Hillerbrand (1973), renaissance led to a shift in religious inclinations from Catholism to Protestantism. This is because people like Erasmus held to and campaigned on the view that a true religion was an act of inward devotion to God rather than mere outward symbols of ritual and ceremony. The changes were also a result of protest against the evil that people saw in the Catholic Church for example rampant corruption. The people realized that there was a big contrast in the practical lives of the church clergy and the doctrines and teachings they were giving to the people. The result of criticism against the Catholic Church was a loss in its authority and the emergence of new protestant churches and sects. This led to relig ious wars and divisions whose driving force was expressions by the people on the need for freedom of expression and tolerance. The renaissance was therefore a successful weapon for countering the fight against pagan civilization by the Catholic Church. The consequence of the criticisms, new religious focus and stand was secularization of fanatical Catholics and the general society (Euan, 1991). A change in the culture of Christians led to a change in lifestyle from having the church as the center of activity into a materialistic kind of life. In this secular life, the material world became an important part of the life of a person and this encouraged capitalism. People become more concerned with money, worldly pleasures and a general comfort in life. At the same time, religion remained an important part

The Life Of Alexander Pushkin

The Life Of Alexander Pushkin Freedom in Alexander Pushkin’s literary works occupies one of the central positions; however, Pushkin treats freedom from various sides and perspectives. Living in the period of social and political changes, in the era of the Great Patriotic War of 1812 and the revolt of Decembrist of 1825, Pushkin belonged to the generation which was in search of ideal freedom. However, being unable to attain this kind of freedom, Russian poets of the nineteenth century made constant attempts to replace one idea of freedom with another, finally realising that freedom in real life was constantly restricted. Alexander Pushkin went further than other poets of his times in his treatment of freedom, inspiring the formation of new Russian civic poetry and influencing such poets as Nekrasov and Lermontov. As Janko Lavrin points out, â€Å"what the world now understands and admires under the name of Russian literature came with and after Pushkin† (p.65).   Ã‚   At the beginning of Pushkin’s literary career, the issue of freedom in his literary works acquires a strong political tendency. In his early poem Volnost (1817) Pushkin reveals his vision of ideal freedom, opposing the existing absolute power of kings and expressing the idea that true freedom can be achieved only under the constitutional monarchy.   In Pushkin’s poem K Chaadaevy (1818) the political idea of freedom acquires a slightly different direction; in this poetic work Pushkin points at the necessity of defending his native land. For Pushkin, love for homeland is inseparably connected with the struggle for freedom. However, as Pushkin becomes mature, he rejects a pure political treatment of freedom, demonstrating his interest in inner freedom of a person. In this regard, Pushkin implicitly draws a parallel between inner freedom and poetic perception of freedom in his poetic work Derevnja (1819). Such a combination uncovers many possibilities for achieving freedom, but, on the other hand, it evokes inner doubts, which the poet does not dissipate by the end of the poem. The first part of Derevnja reveals the poet’s ecstatic delight of his achieved freedom: In the second part of the poem Pushkin ponders over the destiny of Russian people, feeling that his poems are unable to provide them with long-waited freedom, that they are unable to completely eliminate serfdom which destroys people’s lives and their inner selves. Contrasting beauty of nature with lack of freedom in the village, Pushkin shows that people can acquire happiness only in free society. As Alexander Pushkin claims,    Thus, the poet appeals to the king and asks him to annihilate serfdom, providing people with freedom and knowledge. As the poet, Pushkin has the only tool – his poetry – to strive for universal freedom. But in such poems as K Moryu (1824) and IzPindemonti (1836) Alexander Pushkin continues his discussion of inner freedom, presenting a romantic embodiment of freedom. As the poet realises that he is not able to achieve freedom in real life, he turns to freedom in his dreams, identifying himself with nature. In the poetic work K Moryu Pushkin applies to the image of sea, which symbolises both inner freedom of a person and poetic freedom. For Pushkin, sea is the embodiment of free and rebellious nature, but at the same time through the image of sea Pushkin reveals the poet’s loneliness in his struggle for freedom. However, it is nature that gives necessary power and freedom to Pushkin, saving him from any dependence: These words from Pushkin’s poem IzPindemonti reveal that the poet is in search of new verges of freedom, the verges that overcome the existing reality. This search is especially obvious in his famous poem Uznik (1822), where the appeal for inner freedom is expressed through eagle’s cry. Both the eagle and the prisoner are captives who are deprived of their freedom. Alexander Pushkin creates this poem in exile, where he is deprived of freedom, of close relatives and friends.   However, the eagle is a freedom-loving bird, and its greatest wish is to attain freedom. Alexander Pushkin identifies himself with the eagle, maintaining the idea that a person is also free by nature, thus freedom is crucial for any human being: In this regard, Pushkin implicitly shows that political, outer and poetic freedom stand behind inner freedom. On the other hand, Pushkin realises that it is impossible for the poet to completely reject one aspect of freedom for the sake of another; As Angus Calder points out, â€Å"a man who respects himself as ‘autonomous’ will of course tend to chafe against political tyranny and may well seek a place where he may have ‘independent’ control of his own life† (p.35). Uznik was written when Pushkin was only twenty-three years old, but even at this age the poet realised that society, in which he lived, specifically created invisible barriers and restrictions, wrong ideals and illusions, and Pushkin expressed his longing for real freedom. Deviating from the political treatment of freedom, Pushkin realises that a poet should be free both from people and from authorities; only in this case it is possible to create freedom-loving poetry. In Pesni o veshem Olege Pushkin points out that any literary work should be free and truthful. After the Decembrists’ defeat, Pushkin continues to dream of freedom, hoping to realise this dream. As Pushkin claims in his poem Vo glubine sibirskich rud dedicated to his friends-Decembrists, In the series of Southern Poems Alexander Pushkin introduces the idea that outer freedom can not be attained. In such poems as Zygane (1930) and Fontany Bahchizaraiskogo dvorza (1824) Pushkin portrays certain spheres where freedom of people is strongly confined, but nevertheless, a person is able to develop and preserve inner freedom. Such treatment of freedom coincides with the ideals of Renaissance; Pushkin’s obsession with inner freedom reflects the revival of national consciousness under complex social changes. Thus, Pushkin’s ideas of freedom possess cultural roots rather than political, despite the fact that some of his poetic works, such as Arion, Anchar and Skaski, demonstrate an open protest against the existing political system. But Pushkin’s rebel is of spiritual nature; it is the rebel of a person who is overwhelmed with humanism and who rejects any personal violence. Instead of the existing ideology of the nineteenth century, Alexander Pushkin create s his own ideology of inner freedom in the context of universal freedom (Edmunds, pp.29-32). In his poem Ya pamyatnik sebe vozdvig nerykotvorniy Alexander Pushkin points out that his major life achievement is his freedom-loving poetry:   Ã‚   But Pushkin does not restrict himself only to poetry; he freely experiments with different literary genres, making an attempt to â€Å"explore the possibilities of prose in the same way as he had explored the possibilities of verse† (Lavrin, p.183). However, his ideal of inner freedom remains central to all his literary works. This is especially true in regard to Pushkin’s short stories, novels and tales. In his famous verse novel Evgeniy Onegin Pushkin points at the characters’ inability to achieve inner freedom. Pushkin portrays aristocratic society, which is unable to overcome the existing restrictions (Falen, pp.7-10). Perhaps, the only character who is able to attain inner freedom is Tatiana, a young girl with intelligence and longing for love. Tatiana falls in love with Onegin, the principal character of the play, and she is the first who makes a declaration of love. However, Onegin rejects her in a most inappropriate way, and Tatiana suffers much, loosing her inner freedom. As Tatiana claims: She marries an old gentleman and remains devoted to him, despite the fact that she still loves Onegin. Thus, in Evgeniy Onegin Pushkin uncovers the reality of his life, embodying his own thoughts of inner freedom in the character of Tatiana. In Pushkin’s tale Pikovaya Dama the writer discusses inner freedom in a different context. Introducing the character of Germann, Pushkin reveals the negative consequences of Germann’s wish to achieve freedom. Germann considers that true freedom can be attained only with the help of money, but as he gets more and more entangled in deceits, he destroys himself and other characters. In fact, Germann looses his self and his freedom, as he becomes obsessed with playing cards; in this context, abstract things take full control over Germann’s life, driving him mad by the end of the narration. Comparing his character with Napoleon and Mephistopheles, Pushkin uncovers the essence of Germann who does not acknowledge any moral principle s or laws. As Pushkin claims in regard to his character, The similar portrayal Pushkin utilises towards an old countess, ‘Pikovaya Dama’. The old woman in Pushkin’s tale is identified with an Egyptian mummy; she is a lifeless creature who lacks any freedom and who leads meaningless life within aristocratic society. Alexander Pushkin does not treat old woman’s death as tragedy, because, for Pushkin, life without freedom is empty existence. In this regard, inner freedom in Pikovaya Dama is discussed through freedom of moral choice. Germann and the old woman make a wrong choice, thus loosing the possibility to attain inner freedom. However, in contrast to these characters, Pushkin introduces the character of Lisaveta Ivanovna who greatly values her moral principles that finally save her. In his story Egypetskiye Nochi Pushkin returns to the issue of freedom in the context of poetry. On the example of Charskii, a poet and aristocrat, Pushkin reveals his own suffering, as he makes an attempt to become a freedom-loving poet (Debreczeny, pp.11-13). Similar to Pushkin’s poetry, Egypetskiye Nochi discusses the relations between the poet and society, and these relations reflect the essence of his views on the idea of inner freedom. Although Pushkin demonstrates a close connection between the poet and people, he nevertheless points at the necessity of freedom for the poet. At the beginning of the story Pushkin shows Charskii’s dependence on society: However, further Pushkin demonstrates Charskii’s dissatisfaction with such position and his attempts to preserve his inner freedom. In his conversation with a stranger, Charskii exclaims: Charskii, similar to Pushkin himself, feels loneliness within society in which he lives. In his poem Svobody seyatel pustynniy (1823) Pushkin reveals a notion that a poet lives among people who are not able to perceive his ideas of freedom. On the other hand, in the poem Prorok (1826) Pushkin states that any poet that wants to appeal for freedom should endure many difficulties and pain. Alexander Pushkin suffered throughout his life, and these sufferings were reflected in all his freedom-loving poetry and prose.    Analysing the ideas of freedom in Alexander Pushkin’s poetry and prose, the essay suggests that Pushkin’s treatment of freedom changes throughout his literary career. Starting with an idea of political freedom, Pushkin gradually realises the vainness of his attempts to attain outer freedom. In his further works the poet pays more attention to inner freedom of an individual, applying to symbolical understanding of freedom through understanding of nature. It is this inner freedom that Pushkin values above all other kinds of freedom, implicitly or explicitly referring to inner freedom in almost all his poetic and prose works. This inner freedom in Pushkin’s poetry concerns various issues, such as freedom of choice, freedom from any biases, freedom of religious beliefs and, above all, freedom of creative work. In Pushkin’s prose works inner freedom is inseparable from moral values of people. Overall, freedom-loving poetry and prose of Alexander Pushkin contrib ute to the formation of a characteristic writing style, which is adopted by further generations of Russian poets. Works Cited Calder, Angus. Russia Discovered: Nineteenth-Century Fiction from Pushkin to Chekhov. London: Heinemann, 1976. Debreczeny, Paul.   Introduction, in Alexander Pushkin:Complete Prose Fiction.   Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1983, pp.5-11. Edmunds, Robin. Pushkin: The Man and His Age. New York: St. Martins Press, 1994. Falen, James. Alexander Pushkin. Eugene Onegin. Oxford, New York: Oxford University Press, 1995. Lavrin, Janko. Pushkin and Russian Literature. New York: The Macmillan Company, 1948. ПÃ'Æ'Ã'ˆÐ ºÃ ¸Ã ½, Ð Ã »Ã µÃ ºÃ' Ã °Ã ½Ã ´Ã'€ Ð ¡Ã µÃ'€Ð ³Ã µÃ µÃ ²Ã ¸Ã'‡. ЕÐ ²Ã ³Ã µÃ ½Ã ¸Ã ¹ ОÐ ½Ã µÃ ³Ã ¸Ã ½. Ð ¡Ã ¾Ã ±Ã'€Ð °Ã ½Ã ¸Ã µ Ã' Ã ¾Ã'‡Ð ¸Ã ½Ã µÃ ½Ã ¸Ã ¹ Ð .Ð ¡. ПÃ'Æ'Ã'ˆÐ ºÃ ¸Ã ½Ã ° Ð ² Ð ´Ã µÃ' Ã' Ã'‚Ð ¸ Ã'‚Ð ¾Ã ¼Ã °Ã'…, Ð ¢.4. ÐÅ"Ð ¾Ã' Ã ºÃ ²Ã °: ГÐ ¾Ã' Ã'Æ'Ð ´Ã °Ã'€Ã' Ã'‚Ð ²Ã µÃ ½Ã ½Ã ¾Ã µ Ð ¸Ã ·Ã ´Ã °Ã'‚Ð µÃ »Ã'Å'Ã' Ã'‚Ð ² Ð ¾ Ð ¥Ã'Æ'Ð ´Ã ¾Ã ¶Ã µÃ' Ã'‚Ð ²Ã µÃ ½Ã ½Ã ¾Ã ¹ ЛÐ ¸Ã'‚Ð µÃ'€Ð °Ã'‚Ã'Æ'Ã'€Ã'‹, 1960. ПÃ'Æ'Ã'ˆÐ ºÃ ¸Ã ½, Ð Ã »Ã µÃ ºÃ' Ã °Ã ½Ã ´Ã'€ Ð ¡Ã µÃ'€Ð ³Ã µÃ µÃ ²Ã ¸Ã'‡. ЕÐ ³Ã ¸Ã ¿Ã µÃ'‚Ã' Ã ºÃ ¸Ã µ Ð Ã ¾Ã'‡Ð ¸. Ð  Ã ¾Ã' Ã' Ã ¸Ã' : ИÐ ·Ã ´Ã °Ã'‚Ð µÃ »Ã'Å'Ã' Ã'‚Ð ²Ã ¾ Ð  Ã ¾Ã' Ã ¼Ã' Ã ½-ПÃ'€Ð µÃ' Ã' , 2002. ПÃ'Æ'Ã'ˆÐ ºÃ ¸Ã ½, Ð Ã »Ã µÃ ºÃ' Ã °Ã ½Ã ´Ã'€ Ð ¡Ã µÃ'€Ð ³Ã µÃ µÃ ²Ã ¸Ã'‡. Ð ¡Ã'‚Ð ¸Ã'…Ð ¾Ã'‚Ð ²Ã ¾Ã'€Ð µÃ ½Ã ¸Ã' . ПÐ µÃ'€Ð ¼Ã'Å': ПÐ µÃ'€Ð ¼Ã' Ã ºÃ ¾Ã µ Ð ºÃ ½Ã ¸Ã ¶Ã ½Ã ¾Ã µ Ð ¸Ã ·Ã ´Ã °Ã'‚Ð µÃ »Ã'Å'Ã' Ã'‚Ð ²Ã ¾, 1987.   ПÃ'Æ'Ã'ˆÐ ºÃ ¸Ã ½, Ð Ã »Ã µÃ ºÃ' Ã °Ã ½Ã ´Ã'€ Ð ¡Ã µÃ'€Ð ³Ã µÃ µÃ ²Ã ¸Ã'‡. ПÐ ¸Ã ºÃ ¾Ã ²Ã °Ã'  ДÐ °Ã ¼Ã °. ПÐ ¾Ã »Ã ½Ã ¾Ã µ Ã' Ã ¾Ã ±Ã'€Ð °Ã ½Ã ¸Ã µ Ã' Ã ¾Ã'‡Ð ¸Ã ½Ã µÃ ½Ã ¸Ã ¹ Ð .Ð ¡. ПÃ'Æ'Ã' ˆÐ ºÃ ¸Ã ½Ã ° Ð ² Ð ´Ã µÃ' Ã' Ã'‚Ð ¸ Ã'‚Ð ¾Ã ¼Ã °Ã'…, Ã'‚.6. ЛÐ µÃ ½Ã ¸Ã ½Ã ³Ã'€Ð °Ã ´: Ð Ã °Ã'Æ'Ð ºÃ °, 1978.     

Fairies in Folklore and Literature Essay -- Exploratory Essays Researc

Fairies in Folklore and Literature Fairies have been part of literature, art, and culture for more than fifteen hundred years. With them have come many stories about their interaction with adults and children. These stories have been compiled by men such as Charles Perrault and the Brothers Grimm, who provided the world with a large compilation of fairy tales, which are still told today. Perrault and the Grimms together compiled over six hundred legends that originated from all around Europe. These myths and legends often included imaginary being called fairies, sprites, and nymphs. Fairies are frequently described as tiny human beings. Their clothing, which is usually green, gold, or blue, is thought to have been created from natural elements such as leaves and vines which have been sown together to make their dresses and loin cloths. Many of these magical beings had wings and could change forms and disappear when they had to. There were both male and female fairies, some good and others evil. Evil female fairies were usually associated with female sexuality and abused their magical powers by doing harm (Rose 107-9). They also had two, distinct living groups. One was called the "trooping group," a group of fairies that lived together in a community with governmental authority and laws, usually a monarchy. Most of these "trooping groups" were found in Irish and occasionally in English folklore. The other fairies are simply known as "solitary fairies," the ones that do not live within the community and are associated with outside families, places, or activities. This group would include fairy godmothers (Rose 107). All fairies were said to live in the ground, within a forest. If humans wanted to find the fairie... ... Jane Eyre can been seen in the compilation of Charles Perrault’s work, especially in "Tom Thumb" and "Bluebeard" and "The Fairies." It could also be argued that Charlotte might not have read or heard these stories but was introduced to many of the same themes through gothic novels of the time. Â   Â   Â   Works Cited Bronte, Charlotte. Jane Eyre. Ed. Beth Newman. New York: St. Martin’s, 1996. Fraser, Rebecca. The Brontes: Charlotte Bronte and Her Family. New York: Crown, 1988. Perrault, Charles. Perrault’s Classic French Fairy Tales. Austria: Meredith, 1967. Rose, Carol. Spirits, Fairies, Gnomes and Goblins: An Encyclopedia of the Little People. Denver: ABC-CLIO, 1996. Silver, Carole. Strange and Secret Peoples: Fairies and Victorian Consciousness. New York: Oxford UP, 1999. Â   Â   Â   Â   Â   Â   Â   Â   Â   Â   Â   Â   Â   Â   Â   Â   Â   Â   Â